Psoriasis is a chronic non-infectious disease, mainly a dermatosis affecting the skin.Currently, the autoimmune nature of this disease is assumed.Typically, psoriasis manifests itself in the formation of red, extremely dry, raised spots on the surface of the skin - the so-called papules, papules that fuse with each other to form plaques.These papules are the nature of chronic inflammation and the natural sites of lymphocytes, macrophages and keratinocytes, as well as excessive angiogenesis (formation of new small capillaries).
It occurs with equal frequency in men and women and lasts for years with alternating periods of relapse and remission.It is one of the most common, treatable and often severe dermatoses.
What is Psoriasis?
Psoriasis is a widespread, chronic skin disease characterized by a monomorphic rash of flat papules that blend into large plaques quickly covered with loose silvery-white scales.
Psoriasis is characterized by periods of worsening (relapse) and periods of temporary well-being, when the manifestations of the disease are few.This disease is not contagious and the patient is not dangerous to others.Because the appearance of psoriasis is not related to microorganisms.
The main element of psoriasis is a single pink or red papule covered with numerous loose silvery-white scales.
As a rule, psoriasis does not disrupt the life rhythm of a patient.The only concern is peeling and inflammatory processes on the skin.Unfortunately, it is impossible to cure this disease, but it is quite possible to stop its development or prevent relapse.To do this, it is enough to follow all the doctor's prescriptions and undergo systematic treatment in a hospital.
Is Psoriasis Contagious?
Psoriasis is completely non-contagious.It was not a case of human-to-human transmission of the disease.The causes of the disease caused by the disease are not infections and microbes, but leukocytes produced by the patient's body, which are potentially dangerous for others.
It is impossible for a healthy person to contract it from a psoriasis patient.Psoriasis is not transmitted:
- In case of skin contact, using the same household items as the patient (bedding, towels, dishes).
- Through saliva, sweat.
- Sex.
- While caring for patients.
- With blood.
Classification
Experts distinguish two forms:
Non-cash form of sedef
What is this?This form of the disease differs from others in its stable course.The non-mental form of psoriasis is characterized by damage to almost the entire surface of the body.This type includes:
- Psoriasis erythrodermic
- vulgar, ordinary, or tabula.
Common psoriasis is very common;90% of patients with psoriasis are patients with the vulgar form of this disease.
Psoriatic Erythroderma is a serious disease that leads to a fatal outcome - the death of the patient.With the disease, there is a violation of the thermoregulatory function and the barrier function of the skin decreases.
Indestructible
- pustule von zumbusch or generalized pustule
- Palmoplantaris (pustular psoriasis of the extremities, chronic persistent palmoplantaris pustulosis)
- Divided
- palmoplantar
- Herpetiformis psoriatic impetigo
| The stage of psoriasis | Loss percentage |
| Light-light | Less than 3% of the skin is affected |
| Medium | 3-10% of the skin is covered with psoriatic plaque |
| Heavy | Concurrent lesions are present or more than 10% of the skin is involved. |
How psoriasis begins: the first signs
In most cases, identifying psoriasis is quite simple, because the disease does not resemble other skin pathologies.Allergic rashes have a smaller calibration than psoriasis spots, and medical history shows that patients practically do not suffer from swelling of the skin, as with allergies
The initial symptoms and signs of psoriasis differ in the main features that the doctor will rely on when making a diagnosis:
- the appearance of a limited pink point of varying intensity;
- skin itching in the area of psoriatic lesions;
- large amount of epidermal abrasion of various sizes;
- characteristic whitish peeling color;
- the appearance of white or gray crusts that do not extend beyond the borders of the psoriatic point;
- dry skin.
Psoriasis is characterized by three distinct features:
- "The stearic stain effect."When breaking the board, the small and transparent scales peel off easily.
- "Terminal film effect".If you remove the scales, the skin in this area will be thin, shiny and red.
- "Bloody dew effect."After a break, small drops of blood appear on the skin.
To be the cause
Experts cannot determine the exact and sole culprit of the disease, but repeated studies show that the disease is autoimmune, which depends on the activity of the immune system.
For an unknown reason, immune cells designed to protect the body from malignant changes and bacterial and viral damage, penetrate the upper dermal layers and trigger the inflammatory process.The result of this activity is non-proliferation - accelerated division of skin cells.
According to another theory, psoriasis develops due to a disruption in the life cycle of keratinocytes.
Possible causes of psoriasis:
- Hereditary.According to the latest information of scientists, psoriasis is classified as a genotypic dermatosis with a dominant type of transmission.
- Violation of lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.When psoriasis of the skin is suspected, there are changes in these blood profiles that contribute to the development of cardiovascular pathology, endocrine dysfunction and metabolic syndrome.
- The presence of a chronic infectious focus on the body.When examining psoriatic plaques, streptococcal flora is often detected.The occurrence of genetic abnormalities can be affected by, for example, tonsillitis, influenza, bacterial infections.
- Climatic conditions - Dry and hot weather can affect the progression of psoriasis, intensify skin manifestations or, on the contrary, weaken them;
- Anxiety or stress - as mentioned above, stress directly affects the course of psoriatic disease;
- Damage to the skin - wounds facilitate infection, which leads to intoxication of the body due to inflammatory processes, so the appearance of psoriasis can cause minor damage, but ensures the presence of emerging diseases;
- Infections - the postogenic pathogen of psoriasis can occur in the presence of inflammatory areas, especially for pathologies in childhood.
One theory suggests the existence of two variants of the disease:
- Psoriasis type i- Inherited in the presence of an immune factor, more than 60% of all patients under the age of 30 suffer from this form, the prognosis is good, treatment is carried out.
- Psoriasis type II- If you are over 45 years old, it is not related to immune system disorders, it mostly affects the nail plates and joints.
Symptoms of psoriasis
Psoriasis can develop at any age.However, the first case of its manifestation often occurs in young people and adults between the ages of 18 and 40.There is no difference by gender.Men and women suffer from this disease with equal frequency.
| Symptoms of psoriatic papules | |
| Form | round |
| edge | clearly |
| Color | hot pink or red |
| Scaled color | silvery white |
As a rule, as a rule, it forms in the form of wounds, scratches, frostbite, burns and areas of the body that are constantly exposed to friction.There may be a door, but this is not the main symptom.
Depending on the characteristics of the rash, psoriasis is divided into the following forms:
- Point Psoriasis - The size of the elements is smaller than the head of a pin head.
- Tear-shaped - the papules tear and reach the size of a lentil grain.
- Coin-shaped - plates grow up to 3-5 mm and have rounded edges.
The rash forms also differ in that their elements resemble geographic maps with rings, arcs, and ridges.
The general clinical picture and symptoms of psoriasis vary significantly depending on the stage of the disease.Dermatologists distinguish 3 successively developing stages:
- It is progressive.New skin lesions constantly appear, and there is active spreading of existing plaques with severe peeling and itching.
- Stationary.The growth of papules on the body stops a bit, new formations do not appear, but thickened layers appear on the surface of the skin, near the plaques.
- Regressing.There is no increase in the spread and shedding of the disease.Psoriasis marks and areas with significant pigmentation remain on the body.
The alternation of these stages leads to the wave-like nature of relapses and remissions.A patient may have different stages of the disease in different areas of the skin.
Psoriasis is expressed in the appearance of papules with small, mottled nodules that begin.They have a dark pink color, are dense to the touch and slightly extend from the surface of the skin.
The first sign of psoriasis is a rash on areas of the body that are likely to be exposed to friction, and the skin in these areas is dry.These are the places:
- palms or elbows;
- below the knee;
- Shins;
- lower back parts;
- inguinal folds;
- scalp.
The initial stage of Persidor on the skin is barely noticeable and does not cause discomfort to the patient.But early treatment will help prevent severe forms of this disease, which affects the nails of the hands and feet, mucous surfaces, and then human joints.
According to statistics, psoriatic plaques are most often located:
- on the outer surface of the joints;
- in the back and stomach;
- in front of thighs and forearms.
This rash is different from eczema, which affects the inside of the limbs and the folds between the toes.